Osteoarthritis remains one of the most common joint disorders worldwide, affecting millions of people through pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is especially prevalent in older adults but can also develop earlier due to injury, obesity, or repetitive joint stress. In recent years, there has been growing interest in how traditional herbal remedies—particularly West African medicinal plants like bitter kola—might complement conventional management strategies. Understanding Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the gradual breakdown of cartilage, the smooth tissue that cushions the ends of bones. As cartilage wears away, bones begin to rub against each other, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced joint function. Common symptoms include: * Joint pain that worsens with activity * Morning stiffness or stiffness after rest * Swelling around affected joints * Reduced flexibility and range of motion * A grating or cracking sensation during movem...